Stochastic dominance is a fundamental concept and methodological approach in decision theory and economics used to compare random variables or probability distributions, providing a partial ordering among uncertain outcomes. It investigates criteria for ranking prospects without full specification of utility functions, relying instead on properties of their cumulative distribution functions, with different orders reflecting varying assumptions about decision-maker preferences such as monotonicity and risk aversion. This concept is significant for providing robust, non-parametric methods for evaluating and selecting among risky alternatives across various disciplines.